The Portuguese verb ser means "to be (permanent)". Below are its 7 tenses as tables, with the irregular forms marked, 4 example sentences and answers to 3 common questions. Press play next to a present tense form or an example to hear it.
The present tense of ser is eu sou, tu és, ele/ela é, nós somos, vós sois, eles/elas são. It is irregular: all 6 present forms break the regular -er pattern. The tables below cover 7 tenses, from the present to the imperative. Every present form and 4 example sentences have a listen button.
Forms in orange break the regular -er pattern.
| eu | sou (irregular) | |
|---|---|---|
| tu | és (irregular) | |
| ele/ | é (irregular) | |
| nós | somos (irregular) | |
| vós | sois (irregular) | |
| eles/ | são (irregular) |
| eu | fui (irregular) |
|---|---|
| tu | foste (irregular) |
| ele/ | foi (irregular) |
| nós | fomos (irregular) |
| vós | fostes (irregular) |
| eles/ | foram (irregular) |
| eu | era (irregular) |
|---|---|
| tu | eras (irregular) |
| ele/ | era (irregular) |
| nós | éramos (irregular) |
| vós | éreis (irregular) |
| eles/ | eram (irregular) |
| eu | serei |
|---|---|
| tu | serás |
| ele/ | será |
| nós | seremos |
| vós | sereis |
| eles/ | serão |
| eu | seria |
|---|---|
| tu | serias |
| ele/ | seria |
| nós | seríamos |
| vós | seríeis |
| eles/ | seriam |
| que eu | seja (irregular) |
|---|---|
| que tu | sejas (irregular) |
| que ele/ | seja (irregular) |
| que nós | sejamos (irregular) |
| que vós | sejais (irregular) |
| que eles/ | sejam (irregular) |
| tu | sê (irregular) |
|---|---|
| você | seja (irregular) |
| nós | sejamos (irregular) |
| vós | sede (irregular) |
| vocês | sejam (irregular) |
Ser is irregular. Its present forms include sou, és, é, somos, sois, and são, while its simple past uses fui, foste, foi, fomos, fostes, and foram. The imperfect and present subjunctive also have irregular forms such as era and seja.
Lingo7 is an app for reading books in Portuguese with a translation under every sentence and audio, so the forms in these tables come back in context.
No. Ser is irregular.
The forms are sou, és, é, somos, sois, and são.
The past participle is sido and the gerund is sendo.