Mongolian verb conjugation tables

To conjugate a Mongolian verb, you change its form to match the subject and the tense. Take байх (to be, to exist, to have): in the би form it is байна now, байсан in the past, and байдаг in the future. Regular verbs follow a fixed pattern by ending; irregular ones you learn one at a time. This tool shows the full table for each.

The most common Mongolian verbs include байх (to be, to exist, to have), явах (to go), ирэх (to come), хийх (to do, to make), унших (to read), бичих (to write), хэлэх (to say, to tell), үзэх (to watch, to see). These high-frequency verbs are also the most irregular in most languages, which is why they are worth drilling first. This tool has full present, past and future tables for all 16.

Mongolian conjugation takes practice but follows clear rules. Regular verbs are predictable once you learn the endings; the real work is the handful of very common irregular verbs and knowing which tense to use. Mongolian is FSI Category III, about 1100 hours to professional proficiency. The fastest way to make the forms automatic is to meet them again and again in real sentences, which is what reading does.

These three, Одоо-ирээдүй цаг (Present-Future), Өнгөрсөн цаг (Past), Давтамжит цаг (Habitual), are the core of everyday Mongolian and the right place to start. Real Mongolian also uses other moods and aspects (and, in most languages, extra compound tenses), but they build on the same stems and personal endings you see in these tables.