Common idioms

Common German idioms and what they really mean

An idiom is a phrase you cannot translate word for word. Here are the 25 most common German idioms, ranked by how often you will actually meet them, each with its literal translation, real meaning, the closest English idiom where one exists, and an example sentence with an English translation, so you know what natives actually mean.

Quick answer

Common German idioms are everyday expressions whose meaning cannot be guessed from the individual words. For example, die Daumen drücken literally means "to press the thumbs" but is used to mean to wish someone luck. This free page ranks the 25 most common German idioms by how often you meet them, each with its literal translation, meaning, the closest English idiom where one exists, and an example sentence with an English translation.

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All 25 idioms, most common first.

Idiom list verified as of August 2026.

die Daumen drücken

Literally to press the thumbs

Means to wish someone luck

English idiom keep one's fingers crossed

Example Ich drücke dir für die Prüfung die Daumen.

I'm keeping my fingers crossed for you for the exam.

die Nase voll haben

Literally to have the nose full

Means to be fed up with something

English idiom be sick and tired of something

Example Ich habe die Nase voll von diesem Chaos.

I'm sick and tired of this chaos.

keinen Bock haben

Literally to have no billy goat

Means to not feel like doing something

English idiom can't be bothered

Example Ich habe heute keinen Bock auf Hausaufgaben.

I can't be bothered with homework today.

Note Very informal slang, fine among friends but out of place at work or with strangers.

das ist mir Wurst

Literally that is sausage to me

Means it makes no difference to me

English idiom it's all the same to me

Example Ob wir heute oder morgen gehen, das ist mir Wurst.

Whether we go today or tomorrow, it's all the same to me.

Note Casual and a bit dismissive; southern Germany and Austria say Wurscht.

Schwein haben

Literally to have pig

Means to be lucky, usually after a narrow escape

English idiom luck out

Example Da hast du aber Schwein gehabt!

You really lucked out there!

nur Bahnhof verstehen

Literally to understand only train station

Means to not understand anything at all

English idiom it's all Greek to me

Example Bei diesem Vortrag habe ich nur Bahnhof verstanden.

That lecture was all Greek to me.

den Nagel auf den Kopf treffen

Literally to hit the nail on the head

Means to say exactly the right thing

English idiom hit the nail on the head

Example Mit deiner Analyse hast du den Nagel auf den Kopf getroffen.

Your analysis hit the nail on the head.

jemanden auf die Palme bringen

Literally to bring someone up the palm tree

Means to make someone very angry

English idiom drive someone up the wall

Example Mit seiner Unpünktlichkeit bringt er mich echt auf die Palme.

His lateness really drives me up the wall.

unter vier Augen

Literally under four eyes

Means in private, with nobody else present

Example Können wir das bitte unter vier Augen besprechen?

Could we please discuss this in private?

auf dem Holzweg sein

Literally to be on the wooden path

Means to be mistaken, to follow a wrong assumption

English idiom bark up the wrong tree

Example Wenn du das denkst, bist du auf dem Holzweg.

If that's what you think, you're barking up the wrong tree.

die Katze im Sack kaufen

Literally to buy the cat in the sack

Means to buy something without checking it first

English idiom buy a pig in a poke

Example Probier es erst aus, kauf nicht die Katze im Sack.

Try it out first, don't buy a pig in a poke.

die Kirche im Dorf lassen

Literally to leave the church in the village

Means to keep things in proportion and not overreact

Example Jetzt lass mal die Kirche im Dorf, so schlimm war es nicht.

Let's not get carried away, it wasn't that bad.

Tomaten auf den Augen haben

Literally to have tomatoes on one's eyes

Means to fail to see something obvious

Example Hast du Tomaten auf den Augen? Der Schlüssel liegt direkt vor dir.

Are you blind? The key is right in front of you.

Note Mildly mocking, so save it for friends and family.

am Ball bleiben

Literally to stay on the ball

Means to stick with something and not give up

Example Bleib am Ball, dann klappt das mit dem Deutsch.

Keep at it and your German will come along.

Note It means sticking with something, not the English sense of being alert and quick.

ins Fettnäpfchen treten

Literally to step into the little grease bowl

Means to say the wrong thing and cause offence

English idiom put one's foot in one's mouth

Example Mit dieser Bemerkung bin ich ganz schön ins Fettnäpfchen getreten.

I really put my foot in my mouth with that remark.

aus einer Mücke einen Elefanten machen

Literally to make an elephant out of a mosquito

Means to blow something small out of proportion

English idiom make a mountain out of a molehill

Example Reg dich nicht auf, du machst aus einer Mücke einen Elefanten.

Don't get worked up, you're making a mountain out of a molehill.

Hals- und Beinbruch

Literally neck and leg break

Means good luck before a performance or a hard task

English idiom break a leg

Example Morgen ist dein großer Auftritt, Hals- und Beinbruch!

Your big performance is tomorrow, break a leg!

Note It probably comes from the Yiddish blessing hatslokhe un brokhe (success and blessing), not from wishing injury.

jemandem einen Korb geben

Literally to give someone a basket

Means to turn someone down, usually a romantic advance but also an offer

English idiom give someone the brush-off

Example Er hat sie gefragt, aber sie hat ihm einen Korb gegeben.

He asked her out, but she gave him the brush-off.

in den sauren Apfel beißen

Literally to bite into the sour apple

Means to accept something unpleasant because there is no way around it

English idiom bite the bullet

Example Ich muss wohl in den sauren Apfel beißen und noch mal von vorn anfangen.

I suppose I have to bite the bullet and start over.

Schmetterlinge im Bauch haben

Literally to have butterflies in the belly

Means to feel the flutter of being newly in love

English idiom have butterflies in one's stomach

Example Seit dem ersten Date habe ich Schmetterlinge im Bauch.

I've had butterflies in my stomach since the first date.

Note In German it points at being in love, while the English phrase is more often about nerves.

über den Tellerrand schauen

Literally to look over the rim of the plate

Means to look beyond your own narrow perspective

English idiom think outside the box

Example Für diesen Job muss man über den Tellerrand schauen.

This job takes someone who can think outside the box.

Note It is about broadening your horizon and taking an interest beyond your own field, so it is a little narrower than the English phrase.

Geld zum Fenster hinauswerfen

Literally to throw money out of the window

Means to waste money on something pointless

English idiom throw money down the drain

Example Noch eine Reparatur wäre Geld zum Fenster hinausgeworfen.

Another repair would be throwing money down the drain.

die Beine in die Hand nehmen

Literally to take the legs in the hand

Means to hurry, to run as fast as possible

Example Wir müssen die Beine in die Hand nehmen, sonst verpassen wir den Zug.

We need to get a move on or we'll miss the train.

ins Gras beißen

Literally to bite into the grass

Means to die

English idiom bite the dust

Example Im Film muss der Bösewicht am Ende ins Gras beißen.

In the film the villain has to bite the dust in the end.

Note Blunt and jokey, so never use it about a real death.

die Flinte ins Korn werfen

Literally to throw the rifle into the grain

Means to give up when things get hard

English idiom throw in the towel

Example Gib nicht auf, wirf jetzt nicht die Flinte ins Korn.

Don't give up, don't throw in the towel now.

Note Still current but slightly bookish; das Handtuch werfen is the more everyday version.

How to actually learn idioms

An idiom is a phrase whose meaning is fixed by convention, not built from its words. That is why a word-for-word translation fails: Die Daumen drücken comes out as "to press the thumbs", which makes no sense until you know it means to wish someone luck.

Learn a few at a time, not a whole list. Pick the ones you keep running into, say them out loud in a real sentence, and you will remember them far longer than by drilling flashcards.

The most reliable way to absorb idioms is to meet them in context, again and again, in things you actually read. Parallel text and audio let you catch an idiom in a real German sentence and check what it means without breaking your reading. That is what reading in Lingo7 is built for.

Frequently asked questions

What are the most common idioms in German?

The most common German idioms, ranked by everyday frequency, start with die Daumen drücken, die Nase voll haben, keinen Bock haben, das ist mir Wurst, Schwein haben. Each one means something you could not guess from the words alone, which is exactly why learners have to meet them in context. This page lists 25 of them with meanings and example sentences.

What does "die Daumen drücken" mean in German?

In German, "die Daumen drücken" translates literally as "to press the thumbs", but it actually means to wish someone luck. The closest English idiom is "keep one's fingers crossed". Example: Ich drücke dir für die Prüfung die Daumen. ("I'm keeping my fingers crossed for you for the exam.")

How do you say "keep one's fingers crossed" in German?

The German equivalent is "die Daumen drücken", literally "to press the thumbs". Example: Ich drücke dir für die Prüfung die Daumen. ("I'm keeping my fingers crossed for you for the exam.")

What do German speakers call idioms and proverbs?

In German, an idiom is called Redewendung, and a proverb is Sprichwort. A Redewendung is a fixed figurative phrase that you build into your own sentence, while a Sprichwort is a complete sentence that states a piece of folk wisdom.

Why can't you translate German idioms word for word?

Idioms are non-compositional: their meaning is fixed by convention, not built from the individual words. Die Daumen drücken translates literally as "to press the thumbs", yet it means to wish someone luck. Translate word for word and you get nonsense, so idioms have to be learned as whole units.

How do you learn German idioms fast?

The fastest way is to meet them in context and reuse them, not to memorize a list. Learn a handful at a time, notice them while reading and listening, and try them in your own sentences. Reading real German with tap-to-translate, the way Lingo7 works, turns every page into idiom practice.