Common idioms

Common Vietnamese idioms and what they really mean

An idiom is a phrase you cannot translate word for word. Here are 15 of the most common Vietnamese idioms, each with its literal translation, real meaning, and an example sentence, so you know what natives actually mean.

Quick answer

Common Vietnamese idioms are everyday expressions whose meaning cannot be guessed from the individual words. For example, Nước đổ lá khoai literally means "water poured onto a taro leaf" but is used to mean advice or effort that has no effect at all, like water off a duck's back. This free tool lists 15 real Vietnamese idioms, each with its literal translation, meaning, and an example sentence.

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All 15 Vietnamese idioms, with meanings and examples.

Idiom list verified as of July 2026.

Nước đổ lá khoai

Literally water poured onto a taro leaf

Means advice or effort that has no effect at all, like water off a duck's back

Example Tôi khuyên mãi mà nó vẫn không nghe, đúng là nước đổ lá khoai.

Được voi đòi tiên

Literally getting the elephant, demanding the fairy

Means never satisfied with what one already has, always wanting more (give an inch, take a mile)

Example Cho nó ở nhờ một tuần giờ nó còn đòi ở luôn, đúng là được voi đòi tiên.

Chó cắn áo rách

Literally a dog bites the torn shirt

Means bad luck keeps piling on someone who is already poor or unfortunate

Example Nhà đã nghèo lại còn bị mất trộm, đúng là chó cắn áo rách.

Một công đôi việc

Literally one effort, two tasks

Means to accomplish two things with a single action, kill two birds with one stone

Example Tiện thể đi làm về ghé chợ luôn, một công đôi việc.

Nước đến chân mới nhảy

Literally the water reaches the feet before one jumps

Means to leave things until the very last minute instead of preparing ahead

Example Lúc nào nó cũng nước đến chân mới nhảy, chẳng chịu chuẩn bị trước.

Đi guốc trong bụng

Literally to walk around in clogs inside someone's belly

Means to know exactly what someone is thinking, to read someone like a book

Example Bạn thân lâu năm nên tôi đi guốc trong bụng nó.

Ăn cháo đá bát

Literally to eat the porridge, then kick the bowl

Means to be ungrateful toward someone who helped you, to bite the hand that feeds you

Example Nó được giúp đỡ bao nhiêu mà giờ quay lưng, đúng là ăn cháo đá bát.

Cá lớn nuốt cá bé

Literally big fish swallow small fish

Means the strong prey on the weak, only the fittest survive

Example Trong kinh doanh, cá lớn nuốt cá bé là chuyện bình thường.

Gần mực thì đen, gần đèn thì sáng

Literally near ink you turn black, near a lamp you turn bright

Means a person's character is shaped by the company they keep

Example Cha mẹ hay nhắc con chọn bạn mà chơi vì gần mực thì đen, gần đèn thì sáng.

Thùng rỗng kêu to

Literally an empty barrel makes the loudest noise

Means people with the least knowledge or substance often talk the loudest

Example Nó có biết gì đâu mà lúc nào cũng nói to, đúng là thùng rỗng kêu to.

Mất bò mới lo làm chuồng

Literally only after losing the ox does one worry about building the pen

Means to fix a problem only after the damage is already done, shutting the barn door after the horse has bolted

Example Đến khi bị trộm mất xe rồi mới chịu mua khóa, đúng là mất bò mới lo làm chuồng.

Con sâu làm rầu nồi canh

Literally one worm spoils the whole pot of soup

Means one bad person or detail ruins the reputation of the whole group

Example Chỉ vì một nhân viên làm ẩu mà cả phòng bị đánh giá kém, đúng là con sâu làm rầu nồi canh.

Đâm bị thóc, chọc bị gạo

Literally stab the paddy sack, poke the rice sack

Means to deliberately stir up trouble and sow discord between people

Example Đừng nghe lời nó, chuyên đâm bị thóc chọc bị gạo để hai người cãi nhau.

Ếch ngồi đáy giếng

Literally a frog sitting at the bottom of a well

Means someone with a narrow, sheltered view of the world who thinks they know everything

Example Chưa ra khỏi làng mà đã tưởng mình giỏi nhất thiên hạ, đúng là ếch ngồi đáy giếng.

Treo đầu dê, bán thịt chó

Literally hang up a goat's head, sell dog meat

Means false advertising, presenting something as one thing while actually selling something inferior

Example Quảng cáo thì hoành tráng mà hàng nhận được lại kém chất lượng, đúng là treo đầu dê bán thịt chó.

Meet these Vietnamese idioms where they live, in real books

Idioms stick when you see them in context, not on a list. Lingo7 lets you read real Vietnamese books with sentence-aligned translation and native-narrated audio, so you meet idioms in the wild and tap any line you do not get. Save them and review later. Free to start.

How to actually learn idioms

An idiom is a phrase whose meaning is fixed by convention, not built from its words. That is why a word-for-word translation fails: Nước đổ lá khoai comes out as "water poured onto a taro leaf", which makes no sense until you know it means advice or effort that has no effect at all, like water off a duck's back.

Learn a few at a time, not a whole list. Pick the ones you keep running into, say them out loud in a real sentence, and you will remember them far longer than by drilling flashcards.

The most reliable way to absorb idioms is to meet them in context, again and again, in things you actually read. Parallel text and audio let you catch an idiom in a real Vietnamese sentence and check what it means without breaking your reading. That is what reading in Lingo7 is built for.

Frequently asked questions

What are the most common idioms in Vietnamese?

Some of the most common Vietnamese idioms are Nước đổ lá khoai, Được voi đòi tiên, Chó cắn áo rách, Một công đôi việc. Each one means something you could not guess from the words alone, which is exactly why learners have to meet them in context. This tool lists 15 of them with their meaning and an example sentence.

What does "Nước đổ lá khoai" mean in Vietnamese?

In Vietnamese, "Nước đổ lá khoai" translates literally as "water poured onto a taro leaf", but it actually means advice or effort that has no effect at all, like water off a duck's back. You would use it like this: Tôi khuyên mãi mà nó vẫn không nghe, đúng là nước đổ lá khoai.

Why can't you translate Vietnamese idioms word for word?

Idioms are non-compositional: their meaning is fixed by convention, not built from the individual words. Nước đổ lá khoai translates literally as "water poured onto a taro leaf", yet it means advice or effort that has no effect at all, like water off a duck's back. Translate word for word and you get nonsense, so idioms have to be learned as whole units.

How do you learn Vietnamese idioms fast?

The fastest way is to meet them in context and reuse them, not to memorize a list. Learn a handful at a time, notice them while reading and listening, and try them in your own sentences. Reading real Vietnamese with tap-to-translate, the way Lingo7 works, turns every page into idiom practice.